A coven defined is a circle of 13 Witche's who gather to practice their Craft , magick and share in knowldge and support of one another. Ideally a Coven is 13, today for various and practically reasons it is more, especially online covens. 13 has always been a sacred number for Witches. It is a number of magick and power.
Today there are many, many covens from Traditional Wiccan covens, to eclectic Witches covens. I am focusing on the Witche's coven, as the Vampire and Satanic covens have their own ways etc. Many times in Pagan circles it is like people become like the Christians they put down, saying we are the right ones your doing it all wrong, this way isit, they are wrong. Wiccans really should know better as tolerance is one of many things hammered into you in 101 . Tolerance includes not judging what you do not know.
This true History of the coven can not be exact as much was passed down through heredity, and orally.However Covens which were formed yes were secretive as it was not the thing to do in society joining a witche's coven and often times could result in consequences at home and work. Even today those in a coven out to be guarded. For those who believe covens have been around a long time,Those who believe that covens did exist in the past centuries back up their claims by providing evidence such as the confessions of witches who were under torture. For example, the earliest reference to the term coven was in 1662 when Isobel Gowdie confessed that in her experience witches met in covens of thirteen. In fact, many witches and experts on witch craft claim that the number thirteen is important because covens have always been groups of thirteen. However there is also evidence that indicates that covens have consisted of any number of witches, from as little as three witches gathering together to the thousands. It may also be of interest to know that in the past, although covens were supposed to be balanced out by both genders, confessions of witches have indicated that men outnumbered the women in some covens.
1591 1591 - Each coven was independent yet supposedly was linked to other covens in a region through a cooperative network. In the trial of the North Berwick witches in Scotland in 1591, three covens allegedly worked together to try to murder king James VI of Scotland (see ...
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From The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft, and Wicca - Related web pages
books.google.com/books?id=nDdcVt9-jnMC&pg=PA77 ...1662 1662 - Witches organize in groups of thirteen people called covens, a term that was first used in 1662. The idea of a coven consisting of thirteen may have originated in prehistoric worship of the horned god when thirteen was the maximum number of worshipers to dance ...
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From Larson's Book of Spiritual Warfare - Related web pages
books.google.com/books?id=HKtHIwpxjqIC&pg ...1692 1692 - The Salem Witchcraft Trials in America were no better. Not a single one of the women executed in Massachusetts in 1692 were practicioners of the Old Ways. Today, it is thought that ergot, a growth on rye seeds and a hallucinogen, was repsonsible for the events ...
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From Lesson Four
wayofthelady.7.forumer.com/a/lesson ...1721 1721 - Then in 1721, Cornelis entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, Johannes Covens, to form the famous name Covens and Mortier, a firm which continued in existence, with only a slight change of name, until the middle of the nineteenth century. For details of their ...
From Worldview Antique Maps and Books - Related web pages
www.worldviewmaps.com/fresh/cartographers ...1730 1730 - Published in Amsterdam in 1730, the second state, with the addition of the Covens and Mortier imprint. The first state was published by Mortier alone for his Atlas Novus. Fine example, an excellent impression, in original outline colouring.
From Antique Maps at the Baynton-Williams Gallery - Related web pages
www.baynton-williams.com/map.htm1757 1757 - Originally designed and edited by de L'Isle, now newly edited by Covens and Mortier in Amsterdam 1757. Good original bordercolouring and fine condition.
From Old map by COVENS -SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. - Related web pages
www.swaen.com/item.php?id=7126&hibcor=true1939 1939 - Gardner claimed to have heen initiated into a surviving tradition of the Old Religion in 1939. The coven in which he hecame a memher was reportedly descended from one of the "Nine Covens" founded hy George Pickingill some forty years earlier. Gardner maintained ...
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From Encyclopedia of Wicca & witchcraft - Related web pages
books.google.com/books?id=kzp63ep-MlQC&pg ...1951 Jul 29, 1951 - It was an historic moment. On July 29, 1951, Doreen Valiente saw an article in the papers which read "CALLING ALL COVENS". The rest is history.
From Doreen Valiente on Gardner - Related web pages
www.hecatescauldron.org/Valientee%20on ...1970 May 5, 1970 - Cassandra has .raft friends from Anaheim to Laguna Beach, and she has attended meetings of covens in Orange, Garden Grove, Santa Ana, Fountain Valley ... Historical and Museum Comans. sion, on the subject of witchcraft for a se- minar titled "An Unnatural History of the United States. ...
From Witchcraft Bubbles, Boils - Related web pages
pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/600664062 ...1975 1975 - Later in 1975, her Compost coven became one of the original member covens that formed the Covenant of the Goddess (COG). A year later following on from Alison Harlow their first President, she was elected to the same high office for the term 1976-1977.
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From Starhawk - Related web pages
www.controverscial.com/starhawk.htm